What Is White Underbase?
White underbase is a layer of white ink applied to a garment before printing colored inks on top. It is primarily used in printing methods like screen printing and direct-to-garment (DTG) printing. The white ink is printed first, directly onto the fabric, and then briefly dried using a flash cure process.
Once this white foundation is set, the other colors are printed over it in the intended design. The process is carefully aligned to ensure accuracy in registration between layers.
This method is most often applied to dark or non-white fabrics where colors are layered over a neutral base.
In most workflows, the white underbase is treated as a separate layer in the print file, requiring proper setup during the design and prepress stages. It functions as a technical component within the printing sequence.
Why Use a White Underbase?
A white underbase is used in textile printing to ensure that colors printed on dark or colored garments appear true to their intended design.
Without a white layer beneath, inks—especially lighter tones—can blend with the fabric's color, leading to muted or inaccurate results.
Applying a white underbase creates a neutral surface that isolates the top colors from the fabric. This approach improves color consistency, sharpness, and overall visibility.
It is particularly important when printing full-color graphics, gradients, or designs that include white or pastel shades.
How to Create a White Underbase?
Design Preparation
To begin, the artwork must be separated into layers using graphic design software. A specific layer is designated for the white underbase, typically matching the areas where color will be printed.
This layer is usually set in solid black to represent where white ink will be applied.
Underbase Setup in RIP Software
Next, the design file is imported into RIP (Raster Image Processor) software. This step allows the user to define the white underbase layer and control ink density, coverage, and trapping.
Proper trapping ensures that the colored inks fully cover the white base without misalignment.
Printing Process
During production, the white ink is printed first onto the fabric and flash-cured to solidify the base. Colored inks are then printed on top in sequence.
Accurate registration between layers is essential for clean, professional results. This method is standard in both screen printing and DTG workflows.
How to Decide Whether a White Underbase Is Needed?
Assess the Fabric Color
The first step is to consider the garment's color. A white underbase is typically required when printing on dark or saturated fabrics. On light or white garments, it is often unnecessary, as colors print accurately without an added layer.
Evaluate the Ink Colors Used
If the design includes bright, light, or pastel colors, a white underbase helps those inks appear more vibrant. Without it, such colors may lose visibility or appear muted against darker backgrounds.
Check the Artwork Details
Designs with fine lines, gradients, or areas that include white ink should generally include an underbase. It helps maintain detail and ensures proper color layering.
Consider Production Method and Budget
Printing methods like screen printing and DTG each manage underbases differently. Since adding a white base increases steps and cost, the decision should also account for production time and budget constraints.
